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Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water, soil and sediments and organisms.
Key steps of the phosphorus cycle:
Over time, rain and weathering cause rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals. This inorganic phosphate is then distributed in soils and water.
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Plants take up inorganic phosphate from the soil. The plants may then be consumed by animals. Once in the plant or animal, the phosphate is incorporated into organic molecules such as DNA. When the plant or animal dies, it decays, and the organic phosphate is returned to the soil.
Within the soil, organic forms of phosphate can be made available to plants by bacteria that break down organic matter to inorganic forms of phosphorus. This process is known as mineralisation.
Phosphorus in soil can end up in waterways and eventually oceans. Once there, it can be incorporated into sediments over time.
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GRAPHICAL WAYPhosphorus is a chemical element found on Earth in numerous compound forms, such as the phosphate ion (##PO_4 3^-##), located in water, soil and sediments.
The quantities of phosphorus in soil are generally small, and this often limits plant growth. That is why people often apply phosphate fertilisers on farmland. Animals absorb phosphates by eating plants or plant-eating animals.
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The role of phosphorus in animals and plants
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for animals and plants. It plays a critical role in cell development and is a key component of molecules that store energy, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) , DNA and lipids (fats and oils). Insufficient phosphorus in the soil can result in a decreased crop yield.
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Proficient
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Basic
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Below Expectations
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Non-Performance
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Thesis Statement | Raises the strongest objection to the thesis presented in the assignment. The objection is strongly grounded in research and logical reasoning. | Raises a plausible objection to the thesis presented in the assignment. The objection is mostly grounded in research and logical reasoning.
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Raises an objection to the thesis presented in the assignment. The objection is somewhat grounded in research and logical reasoning. | Attempts to raise an objection to the thesis presented in the assignment. The objection is minimally grounded in research and logical reasoning.
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The objection to the thesis is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. |
Counter Argument | Provides a strong, thorough rebuttal to the objection. The rebuttal effectively demonstrates that the thesis can withstand the objection and applies the principles of charity and accuracy.
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Provides a rebuttal to the objection. The rebuttal mostly demonstrates that the thesis can withstand the objection and mostly applies the principles of charity and accuracy.
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Provides a limited rebuttal to the objection. The rebuttal somewhat demonstrates that the thesis can withstand the objection and somewhat applies the principles of charity and accuracy.
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Attempts to provide a rebuttal to the objection; however, the rebuttal minimally demonstrates that the thesis can withstand the objection and does not apply the principles of charity and accuracy.
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The rebuttal is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions. |
Conclusion | – Provides clear and concise closing remarks that comprehensively summarize the essay. The remarks consider the broader controversy and/or further research that could offer additional insight into the moral solution of the business problem.
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Provides closing remarks that summarize the essay. The remarks mostly consider the broader controversy and/or further research that could offer additional insight into the moral solution of the business problem. The closing remarks are somewhat unclear.
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Provides closing remarks that minimally summarizes the essay. The remarks minimally consider the broader controversy and/or further research that could offer additional insight into the moral solution of the business problems. The closing remarks are unclear and/or vague.
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Attempts to provide closing remarks that summarize the essay, however, the remarks do not consider the broader controversy and/or further research that could offer additional insight into the moral solution of the business problem. The closing remarks are unclear and vague. | The closing remarks are either nonexistent or lack the components described in the assignment instructions.
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Written Communication: Context of and Purpose for Writing
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Demonstrates methodical application of organization and presentation of content. The purpose of the writing is evident and easy to understand. Summaries, quotes, and/or paraphrases fit naturally into the sentences and paragraphs. Paper flows smoothly.
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Demonstrates sufficient application of organization and presentation of content. The purpose of the writing is, for the most part, clear and easy to understand. There are some problems with the blending of summaries, paraphrases, and quotes. Paper flows somewhat smoothly. | Demonstrates a limited understanding of organization and presentation of content in written work. The purpose of the writing is somewhat evident but may not be integrated throughout the assignment. There are many problems with the blending of summaries, paraphrases, and quotes. Paper does not flow smoothly in all sections.
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Organization and presentation of content are extremely limited. The purpose of the writing is unclear. There is little or no blending of summaries, paraphrases, and quotes. Paper does not flow smoothly when read.
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The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
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Written Communication: Control of Syntax and Mechanics
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– Displays meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains no errors and is very easy to understand.
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Displays comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains only a few minor errors and is mostly easy to understand | Displays basic comprehension of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains a few errors which may slightly distract the reader.
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Fails to display basic comprehension of syntax or mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains major errors which distract the reader.
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The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
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Written Communication: Required Formatting
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Accurately uses required formatting consistently throughout the paper, title page, and reference page.
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Exhibits required formatting throughout the paper. However, layout contains a few minor errors. | Exhibits limited knowledge of required formatting throughout the paper. However, layout does not meet all requirements.
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Fails to exhibit basic knowledge of required formatting. There are frequent errors, making the layout difficult to distinguish as required style.
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The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
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Written Communication: Word Requirement
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The length of the paper is equivalent to the required number of words. | The length of the paper is nearly equivalent to the required number of words.
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The length of the paper is equivalent to at least three quarters of the required number of words. | The length of the paper is equivalent to at least one half of the required number of words.
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The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
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Written Communication: Resource Requirement | Uses more than the required number of scholarly sources, providing compelling evidence to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.
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Uses the required number of scholarly sources to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.
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Uses less than the required number of sources to support ideas. Some sources may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are used within the body of the assignment. Citations may not be formatted correctly. | Uses an inadequate number of sources that provide little or no support for ideas. Sources used may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are not used within the body of the assignment. Citations are not formatted correctly. |